Nutrient Requirements of Chickens and Turkeys
Tables from Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 8th revised edition, 1984,
National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20418.
Conversion chart: 454 grams/lb; 1,000 grams/kilogram; 2.2 lbs./kilogram
Table 1. Body weights and feed requirements of broilers. * (Table is split into
two sections.)
Weekly feed consumption (g) |
Body Weights (g) |
Age (weeks) |
||
F |
M |
F |
M |
|
110 |
120 |
120 |
130 |
1 |
240 |
260 |
300 |
320 |
2 |
355 |
390 |
515 |
560 |
3 |
355 |
535 |
790 |
860 |
4 |
645 |
740 |
1,110 |
1,250 |
5 |
800 |
980 |
1,430 |
1,690 |
6 |
910 |
1,095 |
1,745 |
2,100 |
7 |
970 |
1,210 |
2,060 |
2,520 |
8 |
1,010 |
1,320 |
2,350 |
2,925 |
9 |
* Typical for broilers fed well-balanced diets containing 3,200 ME kcal/kg
Table 1. Body weights and feed requirements of broilers. * (Continued.)
Consumption (ME kcal/bird) |
Cumulative energy consumption (ME kcal/bird) |
Weekly energy Cumulative feed consumption (g) |
Age (weeks) |
|||
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
|
350 |
385 |
350 |
385 |
110 |
120 |
1 |
1,120 |
1,215 |
770 |
830 |
350 |
380 |
2 |
2,255 |
2,465 |
1,135 |
1,250 |
705 |
770 |
3 |
3,855 |
4,175 |
1,600 |
1,710 |
1,205 |
1,305 |
4 |
5,920 |
6,545 |
2,065 |
2,370 |
1,850 |
2,045 |
5 |
8,480 |
9,680 |
2,560 |
3,135 |
2,650 |
3,025 |
6 |
11,390 |
13,185 |
2,910 |
3,505 |
3,560 |
4,120 |
7 |
14,495 |
17,055 |
3,105 |
3,870 |
4,530 |
5,330 |
8 |
17,725 |
21,280 |
3,230 |
4,225 |
5,540 |
6,650 |
9 |
* Typical for broilers fed well-balanced diets containing 3,200 ME kcal/kg
Conversion chart: 454 grams/lb; 1,000 grams/kilogram; 2.2 lbs./kilogram
Table 2. Nutrient requirements of leghorn-type chickens as percentages or as
milligrams or units per kilogram of diet. (Table is split into two sections.)
Growing 14-20 weeks |
Growing 6-14 weeks |
Growing 0-6 weeks |
Energy base |
2,900 |
2,900 |
2,900 |
Kcal ME/kg diet * |
12 |
15 |
18 |
Protein (%) |
0.67 |
0.83 |
1.00 |
Arginine (%) |
0.47 |
0.58 |
0.70 |
Glycine and serin (%) |
0.17 |
0.22 |
0.26 |
Histidine (%) |
0.40 |
0.50 |
0.60 |
Isoleucine (%) |
0.67 |
0.83 |
1.00 |
Leucine (%) |
0.45 |
0.60 |
0.85 |
Lysine (%) |
0.40 |
0.50 |
0.60 |
Methionine + cystine (%) |
0.20 |
0.25 |
0.30 |
Methionine (%) |
0.67 |
0.83 |
1.00 |
Phenylalanine + tyrosine (%) |
0.36 |
0.45 |
0.54 |
Phenylalanine (%) |
0.37 |
0.57 |
0.68 |
Threonine (%) |
0.11 |
0.14 |
0.17 |
Tryptophan (%) |
0.41 |
0.52 |
0.62 |
Valine (%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
Linoleic acid (%) |
0.60 |
0.70 |
0.80 |
Calcium (%) |
0.30 |
0.35 |
0.40 |
Phosphorus, available (%) |
0.25 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
Potassium (%) |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
Sodium (%) |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.15 |
Chlorine (%) |
400 |
500 |
600 |
Magnesium (mg) |
30 |
30 |
60 |
Manganese (mg) |
35 |
35 |
40 |
Zinc (mg) |
60 |
60 |
80 |
Iron (mg) |
6 |
6 |
8 |
Copper (mg) |
0.35 |
0.35 |
0.35 |
Iodine (mg) |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
Selenium (mg) |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
Vitamin A (IU) |
200 |
200 |
200 |
Vitamin D (ICU) |
5 |
5 |
10 |
Vitamin E (IU) |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
Vitamine K (mg) |
1.80 |
1.80 |
3.60 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
Pantothenic acid (mg) |
11.0 |
11.0 |
27.0 |
Niacin (mg) |
0.003 |
0.003 |
0.009 |
Vitamin B12 (mg) |
500 |
900 |
1,300 |
Choline (mg) |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
Biotin (mg) |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.55 |
Folacin (mg) |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
Thiamin (mg) |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
Pyridoxine (mg) |
* These are typical dietary energy concentrations.
Table 2. Nutrient requirements of leghorn-type chickens as percentages or as
milligrams or units per kilogram of diet. (Continued.)
Laying, daily
intake per
Breeding |
hen (mg) ** |
Laying |
Energy base |
2,900 |
|
2,900 |
Kcal ME/kg diet * |
14.5 |
16,000 |
14.5 |
Protein (%) |
0.68 |
750 |
0.68 |
Arginine (%) |
0.50 |
550 |
0.50 |
Glycine and serin (%) |
0.16 |
180 |
0.16 |
Histidine (%) |
0.50 |
550 |
0.50 |
Isoleucine (%) |
0.73 |
800 |
0.73 |
Leucine (%) |
0.64 |
700 |
0.64 |
Lysine (%) |
0.55 |
600 |
0.55 |
Methionine + cystine (%) |
0.32 |
350 |
0.32 |
Methionine (%) |
0.80 |
880 |
0.80 |
Phenylalanine + tyrosine (%) |
0.40 |
440 |
0.40 |
Phenylalanine (%) |
0.45 |
500 |
0.45 |
Threonine (%) |
0.14 |
150 |
0.14 |
Tryptophan (%) |
0.55 |
600 |
0.55 |
Valine (%) |
1.00 |
1,100 |
1.00 |
Linoleic acid (%) |
3.40 |
3,750 |
3.40 |
Calcium (%) |
0.32 |
350 |
0.32 |
Phosphorus, available (%) |
0.15 |
165 |
0.15 |
Potassium (%) |
0.15 |
165 |
0.15 |
Sodium (%) |
0.15 |
165 |
0.15 |
Chlorine (%) |
500 |
55 |
500 |
Magnesium (mg) |
60 |
3.30 |
30 |
Manganese (mg) |
65 |
5.50 |
50 |
Zinc (mg) |
60 |
5.50 |
50 |
Iron (mg) |
8 |
0.88 |
6 |
Copper (mg) |
0.30 |
0.03 |
0.30 |
Iodine (mg) |
0.10 |
0.01 |
0.10 |
Selenium (mg) |
4,000 |
440 |
4,000 |
Vitamin A (IU) |
500 |
55 |
500 |
Vitamin D (ICU) |
10 |
0.55 |
5 |
Vitamin E (IU) |
0.50 |
0.055 |
0.50 |
Vitamine K (mg) |
3.80 |
0.242 |
2.20 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
10.0 |
0.242 |
2.20 |
Pantothenic acid (mg) |
10.0 |
0.10 |
10.0 |
Niacin (mg) |
0.004 |
0.00044 |
0.004 |
Vitamin B12 (mg) |
? |
? |
? |
Choline (mg) |
0.15 |
0.011 |
0.10 |
Biotin (mg) |
0.35 |
0.0275 |
0.25 |
Folacin (mg) |
0.80 |
0.088 |
0.80 |
Thiamin (mg) |
4.50 |
0.33 |
3.0 |
Pyridoxine (mg) |
* These are typical dietary energy concentrations.
** Assumes an average daily intake of 110 g of feed/hen daily.
Table 3. Body weights and feed requirements of leghorn-type pullets and hens.
Typical egg production ( hen-day %) |
Feed consumption ( g/week ) ** |
Body weight (g) * |
Age (weeks) |
-- |
45 |
35 |
0 |
-- |
90 |
135 |
2 |
-- |
180 |
270 |
4 |
-- |
260 |
450 |
6 |
-- |
325 |
620 |
8 |
-- |
385 |
790 |
10 |
-- |
430 |
950 |
12 |
-- |
460 |
1,060 |
14 |
-- |
460 |
1,160 |
16 |
-- |
460 |
1,260 |
18 |
-- |
460 |
1,360 |
20 |
10 |
525 |
1,425 |
22 |
38 |
595 |
1,500 |
24 |
64 |
665 |
1,575 |
26 |
88 |
770 |
1,725 |
30 |
80 |
770 |
1,815 |
40 |
74 |
765 |
1,870 |
50 |
68 |
755 |
1,900 |
60 |
62 |
740 |
1,900 |
70 |
* Pullets and hens of Leghorn-type strains are generally fed ad libitum but are
occasionally control-fed to limit body weights. Values shown are typical but
will vary with strain differences, season and lighting. Specific breeder
guidelines should be consulted for desired schedules of weights and feed
consumption.
** Based on diets containing 2,900 ME kcal/kg, consumption will vary depending
upon the caloric density of the diet, environ- mental temperature and rate of
production.
Table 4. Nutrient requirements of broilers as percentages or as milligrams or
units per kilogram of diet.
Weeks 6-8 |
Weeks 3-6 |
Weeks 0-3 |
Energy base kcal |
3,200 |
3,200 |
3,200 |
ME/kg diet * |
18.0 |
20.0 |
23.0 |
Protein (%) |
1.00 |
1.20 |
1.44 |
Arginine (%) |
0.70 |
1.00 |
1.50 |
Glycine + Serine (%) |
0.26 |
0.30 |
0.35 |
Histidine (%) |
0.60 |
0.70 |
0.80 |
Isoleucine (%) |
1.00 |
1.18 |
1.35 |
Leucine (%) |
0.85 |
1.00 |
1.20 |
Lysine (%) |
0.60 |
0.72 |
0.93 |
Methionine + Cystine (%) |
0.32 |
0.38 |
0.50 |
Methionine (%) |
1.00 |
1.17 |
1.34 |
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine (%) |
0.54 |
0.63 |
0.72 |
Phenylalanine (%) |
0.68 |
0.74 |
0.80 |
Threonine (%) |
0.17 |
0.18 |
0.23 |
Tryptophan (%) |
0.62 |
0.72 |
0.82 |
Valine (%) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
Linoleic acid (%) |
0.80 |
0.90 |
1.00 |
Calcium (%) |
0.35 |
0.40 |
0.45 |
Phosphorus, available (%) |
0.30 |
0.35 |
0.40 |
Potassium (%) |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
Sodium (%) |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
Chlorine (%) |
600 |
600 |
600 |
Magnesium (mg) |
60.0 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
Manganese (mg) |
40.0 |
40.0 |
40.0 |
Zinc (mg) |
80.0 |
80.0 |
80.0 |
Iron (mg) |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
Copper (mg) |
0.35 |
0.35 |
0.35 |
Iodine (mg) |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
Selenium (mg) |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
Vitamin A (IU) |
200 |
200 |
200 |
Vitamin D (ICU) |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Vitamin E (IU) |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
Vitamin K (mg) |
3.60 |
3.60 |
3.60 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
Pantothenic acid (mg) |
11.0 |
27.0 |
27.0 |
Niacin (mg) |
0.003 |
0.009 |
0.009 |
Vitamin B12 (mg) |
500 |
850 |
1,300 |
Choline (mg) |
0.10 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
Biotin (mg) |
0.25 |
0.55 |
0.55 |
Folacin (mg) |
1.80 |
1.80 |
1.80 |
Thiamin (mg) |
2.5 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
Pyridoxine (mg) |
* These are typical dietary energy concentrations.
Table 5. Nutrient requirements of turkeys as percentages or as milligrams or
units per kilogram of feed. (Table is split into two sections.)
Sex - Age (weeks)
M(12-16)F(11-14) |
M(8-12) F(8-11) |
M(4-8) F(4-8) |
M(0-4) F(0-4) |
Energy base |
3,100 |
3,000 |
2,900 |
2,800 |
kcal ME/kg diet * |
19 |
22 |
26 |
28 |
Protein (%) |
1.1 |
1.25 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
Arginine (%) |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
Glycine + serine (%) |
0.39 |
0.46 |
0.54 |
0.58 |
Histidine (%) |
0.75 |
0.85 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
Isoleucine (%) |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.75 |
1.9 |
Leucine (%) |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
Lysine (%) |
0.65 |
0.75 |
0.9 |
1.05 |
Methionine + cystine (%) |
0.33 |
0.38 |
0.45 |
0.53 |
Methionine (%) |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.65 |
1.8 |
Phenylalanine+tyrosine(%) |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
Phenylalanine (%) |
0.68 |
0.79 |
0.93 |
1.0 |
Threonine (%) |
0.18 |
0.2 |
0.24 |
0.26 |
Tryptophan (%) |
0.8 |
0.94 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
Valine (%) |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Linoleic acid (%) |
0.75 |
0.85 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
Calcium (%) |
0.38 |
0.42 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
Phosphorus,available (%) |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
Potassium (%) |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.15 |
0.17 |
Sodium (%) |
0.12 |
0.14 |
0.14 |
0.15 |
Chlorine (%) |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
Magnesium (mg) |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
Manganese (mg) |
40 |
50 |
65 |
75 |
Zinc (mg) |
60 |
60 |
60 |
80 |
Iron (mg) |
6 |
6 |
8 |
8 |
Copper (mg) |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
Iodine (mg) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Selenium (mg) |
4,000 |
4,000 |
4,000 |
4,000 |
Vitamin A (IU) |
900 |
900 |
900 |
900 |
Vitamin D (ICU) ** |
10 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
Vitamin E (IU) |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Vitamin K (mg) |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
9.0 |
9.0 |
11.0 |
11.0 |
Pantothenic acid (mg) |
50.0 |
50.0 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
Niacin (mg) |
0.003 |
0.003 |
0.003 |
0.003 |
Vitamin B12 (mg) |
1,100 |
1,300 |
1,600 |
1,900 |
Choline (mg) |
0.125 |
0.15 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Biotin (mg) |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
Folacin (mg) |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Thiamin (mg) |
3.5 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
Pyridoxine (mg) |
* These are typical ME concentrations for corn-soy diets. Different ME values
may be appropriate if other ingredients predominate.
** These concentrations of vitamin D are satisfactory when the dietary
concentrations of calcium and available phosphorus conform with those in this
table.
Table 5. Nutrient requirements of turkeys as percentages or as milligrams or
units per kilogram of feed. (Continued.)
Breeding |
Sex – Age (weeks) |
|
||
hens |
Holding |
M(20-24) F(17-20) |
M(16-20) F(14-17) |
Energy base |
2,900 |
2,900 |
3,300 |
3,200 |
kcal ME/kg diet * |
14 |
12 |
14 |
16.5 |
Protein (%) |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.95 |
Arginine (%) |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
Glycine + serine (%) |
0.3 |
0.25 |
0.29 |
1.1 |
Histidine (%) |
0.5 |
0.45 |
0.55 |
0.65 |
Isoleucine (%) |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.95 |
1.1 |
Leucine (%) |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.65 |
0.8 |
Lysine |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.45 |
0.55 |
Methionine + cystine (%) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.23 |
0.28 |
Methionine (%) |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.05 |
Phenylalanine + tyrosine (%) |
0.55 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
Phenylalanine (%) |
0.45 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.59 |
Threonine (%) |
0.13 |
0.1 |
0.13 |
0.15 |
Tryptophan (%) |
0.58 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
Valine (%) |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
Linoleic acid (%) |
2.25 |
0.5 |
0.55 |
0.65 |
Calcium (%) |
0.35 |
0.25 |
0.28 |
0.32 |
Phosphorus,available (%) |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
Potassium (%) |
0.15 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
Sodium (%) |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
Chlorine (%) |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
Magnesium (mg) |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
Manganese (mg) |
65 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
Zinc (mg) |
60 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
Iron (mg) |
8 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
Copper (mg) |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
Iodine (mg) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Selenium (mg) |
4,000 |
4,000 |
4,000 |
4,000 |
Vitamin A (IU) |
900 |
900 |
900 |
900 |
Vitamin D (ICU) ** |
25 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Vitamin E (IU) |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
Vitamin K (mg) |
4.0 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
16.0 |
9.0 |
9.0 |
9.0 |
Pantothenic acid (mg) |
30.0 |
40.0 |
40.0 |
40.0 |
Niacin (mg) |
0.003 |
0.003 |
0.003 |
0.003 |
Vitamin B12 (mg) |
1.000 |
800 |
800 |
950 |
Choline (mg) |
0.15 |
0.100 |
0.100 |
0.100 |
Biotin (mg) |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
Folacin (mg) |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Thiamin (mg) |
4.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
Pyridoxine (mg) |
* These are typical ME concentrations for corn-soy diets. Different ME values
may be appropriate if other ingredients predominate.
** These concentrations of vitamin D are satisfactory when the dietary
concentrations of calcium and available phosphorus conform with those in this
table.
Table 6. Growth rate, feed and energy consumption of large-type turkeys. (Table
is split into two sections.)
Cumulative feed |
Weekly feed |
Age (weeks) |
||||
Consumption (kg) |
Consumption (kg) |
Body weight (kg) |
||||
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
|
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
1 |
0.27 |
0.30 |
0.17 |
0.20 |
0.24 |
0.27 |
2 |
0.66 |
0.75 |
0.39 |
0.45 |
0.47 |
0.58 |
3 |
1.12 |
1.36 |
0.46 |
0.61 |
0.70 |
1.0 |
4 |
1.72 |
2.06 |
0.60 |
0.70 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
5 |
2.48 |
2.92 |
0.76 |
0.86 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
6 |
3.37 |
4.00 |
0.89 |
1.08 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
7 |
4.41 |
5.30 |
1.04 |
1.30 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
8 |
5.59 |
6.81 |
1.18 |
1.51 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
9 |
6.93 |
8.59 |
1.34 |
1.78 |
3.7 |
4.7 |
10 |
8.40 |
10.58 |
1.47 |
1.99 |
4.3 |
5.5 |
11 |
9.99 |
12.83 |
1.59 |
2.25 |
4.8 |
6.3 |
12 |
11.69 |
15.34 |
1.70 |
2.51 |
5.3 |
7.1 |
13 |
13.44 |
18.00 |
1.75 |
2.66 |
5.8 |
8.0 |
14 |
15.26 |
20.89 |
1.82 |
2.89 |
6.3 |
8.8 |
15 |
17.18 |
23.94 |
1.92 |
3.05 |
6.7 |
9.7 |
16 |
19.21 |
27.03 |
2.03 |
3.13 |
7.1 |
10.5 |
17 |
21.28 |
30.34 |
2.07 |
3.27 |
7.5 |
11.3 |
18 |
23.43 |
33.77 |
2.15 |
3.43 |
7.8 |
12.1 |
19 |
25.66 |
37.37 |
2.23 |
3.60 |
8.1 |
12.8 |
20 |
-- |
41.08 |
-- |
3.71 |
-- |
13.5 |
21 |
-- |
44.90 |
-- |
3.82 |
-- |
14.2 |
22 |
-- |
48.84 |
-- |
3.94 |
-- |
14.8 |
23 |
-- |
52.89 |
-- |
4.05 |
-- |
15.4 |
24 |
Table 6. Growth rate, feed and energy consumption of large-type turkeys.
(Continued.)
ME consumption |
||||
Per week (Mcal) |
Body weight (kg) |
Age (weeks) |
||
F |
M |
F |
M |
|
0.30 |
0.30 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
1 |
0.50 |
0.60 |
0.24 |
0.27 |
2 |
0.80 |
1.1 |
0.47 |
0.58 |
3 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
0.70 |
1.0 |
4 |
1.6 |
2.3 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
5 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
6 |
2.6 |
3.5 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
7 |
3.1 |
4.1 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
8 |
3.6 |
4.8 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
9 |
4.1 |
5.2 |
3.7 |
4.7 |
10 |
4.6 |
5.7 |
4.3 |
5.5 |
11 |
5.1 |
6.3 |
4.8 |
6.3 |
12 |
5.5 |
7.1 |
5.3 |
7.1 |
13 |
5.8 |
7.8 |
5.8 |
8.0 |
14 |
6.1 |
8.4 |
6.3 |
8.8 |
15 |
6.4 |
8.8 |
6.7 |
9.7 |
16 |
6.7 |
9.6 |
7.1 |
10.5 |
17 |
6.9 |
10.2 |
7.5 |
11.3 |
18 |
7.1 |
10.9 |
7.8 |
12.1 |
19 |
7.3 |
11.6 |
8.1 |
12.8 |
20 |
-- |
12.5 |
-- |
13.5 |
21 |
-- |
12.9 |
-- |
14.2 |
22 |
-- |
13.2 |
-- |
14.8 |
23 |
-- |
13.5 |
-- |
15.4 |
24 |